amakuru

Kubuza “itabi ryimbuto” e-itabi nisonga rya ice ice kugirango amategeko yemerwe kandi yemerwe ninganda.

Kuva kera, uburyohe bwabaye ikirombe cya zahabu y itabi rya elegitoroniki.Umugabane wisoko ryibicuruzwa biryoha ni hafi 90%.Kugeza ubu, ku isoko hari ubwoko bugera ku 16000 bwibicuruzwa byitabi rya elegitoroniki, birimo uburyohe bwimbuto, uburyohe bwa bombo, uburyohe butandukanye bwa dessert, nibindi.

Uyu munsi, e-itabi ry’Ubushinwa rizasezera ku mugaragaro ibihe byiza.Ubuyobozi bwa leta bwiharira itabi bwatanze urugero rw’igihugu ku itabi rya elegitoroniki ndetse n’ingamba zo gucunga itabi rya elegitoroniki, riteganya ko bibujijwe kugurisha itabi rya elegitoroniki rifite uburyohe butandukanye n’itabi ry’itabi n’itabi rya elegitoronike rishobora kongeramo aerosole ubwabo.

Nubwo leta yongereye igihe cy’inzibacyuho y’amezi atanu kugirango ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amabwiriza mashya, ubuzima bw’abakora itabi n’amavuta, ibicuruzwa n’abacuruzi bizaba bibi.

1. Kuryoha kunanirwa, ikirango kiracyakeneye gushaka itandukaniro

2. Amategeko n'amabwiriza aragabanuka, kandi urwego rwinganda rugomba kongera kubakwa

3. Politiki ubanza, ubuzima bukomeye cyangwa ahantu heza h'itabi rya elegitoroniki

Amabwiriza mashya yavunnye inzozi zabantu batabarika ba elegitoroniki nabanywa itabi.Ibikoresho bya e-itabi birimo ibishishwa bya plum, amavuta ya roza, amavuta yindimu impumuro nziza, amavuta ya orange, amavuta meza ya orange nibindi bikoresho byingenzi birabujijwe kongerwamo.

Nyuma yuko e-itabi rimaze gukuramo ibara ryarwo, guhanga udushya bizarangira gute, niba abaguzi bazabyishyura, kandi niba uburyo bwambere bwo gukora buzatangira gukurikizwa?Izi nizo mpungenge zabakora murwego rwo hejuru, hagati no munsi yumusaruro no kugurisha iminyururu ya e-itabi.

Nigute ushobora kwitegura guhuza namabwiriza mashya yigihugu?Haracyari byinshi byo gukorwa nubucuruzi.

Kunanirwa kuryoha, ikirango kiracyakeneye gushaka itandukaniro

Mu bihe byashize, toni zigera kuri 6 z'umutobe wa watermelon, umutobe w'inzabibu na menthol zajyanwaga mu ruganda rw'itabi n'amavuta i Shajing buri kwezi.Nyuma yo kuvanga, kuvanga no kugerageza na saison, ibikoresho fatizo byasutswe muri barrique ya 5-50 kg y'ibiribwa bya pulasitike hanyuma bitwarwa namakamyo.

Ibi bisobanuro bitera uburyohe bwabaguzi, kandi binatera isoko ryitabi rya elegitoroniki.Kuva mu 2017 kugeza 2021, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu ry’inganda zikoresha itabi ry’Ubushinwa wari 37.9%.Biteganijwe ko umuvuduko w’umwaka ku mwaka mu 2022 uzaba 76.0%, naho isoko rikagera kuri miliyari 25.52.

Mu gihe ibintu byose byari bimaze gutera imbere, amabwiriza mashya yatanzwe na leta yagize ingaruka zikomeye ku isoko.Ku ya 11 Werurwe, igihe hashyirwaga amabwiriza mashya, ikoranabuhanga rya fogcore ryasohoye raporo nziza y’imari umwaka ushize: amafaranga y’isosiyete yinjije mu 2021 yari miliyari 8.521 yu mwaka, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 123.1%.Ariko, iki gisubizo cyiza cyakubiswe rwose mumurongo wamabwiriza mashya.Kuri uwo munsi, igiciro cy’imigabane y’ikoranabuhanga rya fogcore cyagabanutseho hafi 36%, kigera ku gipimo gishya ku rutonde.

Abakora itabi rya elegitoroniki bazi ko kurandura itabi ry uburyohe bishobora kuba ingaruka zikomeye kandi zica inganda.

Itabi rya e-itabi ryigeze gukwirakwira ku isoko hamwe n’igitekerezo cy '“ibihangano byo guhagarika itabi”, “kutagira ingaruka ku buzima”, “imiterere y’imyambarire” n' “uburyohe bwinshi”, bizatakaza bimwe mu bitandukanyirizo byabo n’itabi risanzwe nyuma yo gutakaza ubushobozi bw’ibanze bwo guhangana. "Uburyohe" hamwe no kugurisha "imiterere", kandi uburyo bwo kwaguka bwo gushingira ku buryohe ntibuzongera gukora.

Kubuza uburyohe bituma kuvugurura ibicuruzwa bitari ngombwa.Ibi birashobora kugaragara uhereye kubujijwe mbere e-itabi ryiza ku isoko ryo muri Amerika.Muri Mata, 2020, FDA yo muri Amerika yasabye kugenzura e-itabi rifite uburyohe, gusa rigumana uburyohe bw'itabi n'ibiryo bya mint.Dukurikije imibare y’igihembwe cya mbere cy’umwaka wa 2022, igurishwa rya e-itabi ku isoko ry’Amerika ryiyongereye ku gipimo cya 31.7% mu gihe cy’amezi atatu yikurikiranya, ariko ikirango nticyagize uruhare runini mu kuvugurura ibicuruzwa.

Umuhanda wo kuvugurura ibicuruzwa wabaye nyabagendwa, wahagaritse hafi gutandukanya abakora itabi rya elegitoroniki.Ni ukubera ko nta mbogamizi ihanitse ya tekinike mu nganda e-itabi, kandi logique yo guhatana iterwa no guhanga uburyohe.Iyo gutandukanya uburyohe bitakiri ngombwa, abakora e-itabi bagomba kongera gushakisha amanota kugirango batsinde mumarushanwa yo kugabana e-itabi.

Kunanirwa uburyohe bizatuma rwose e-itabi ryinjira mugihe cyiterambere.Ibikurikira, umuntu wese ushobora gufata iyambere mukumenya ijambo ryibanga ryamarushanwa atandukanye arashobora kurokoka murukino rwibanda kumutwe.

Binyuze muri siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga cyangwa ikoranabuhanga rituma itandukaniro rishyirwa kuri gahunda.Muri 2017, ikoranabuhanga rya Kerui ryatangiye gufatanya na laboratoire ya Juul, ikirango cya elegitoroniki y’itabi, kugira ngo itange ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki y’itabi rya elegitoroniki.Guhitamo itabi rya elegitoroniki yo mu mahanga oligarchs byatanze uburambe bushoboka kubirango byabashinwa.

Tekinoroji ya Kerui itanga ibikoresho byihuta byo guteranya ibyuma byo gushyushya itabi ryuzuye.Kugeza ubu, yafatanije n’itabi ry’Ubushinwa mu mishinga myinshi, ritanga ibitekerezo ku bijyanye no guhanga udushya tw’itabi rya elegitoroniki mu Bushinwa.Yueke yatsindiye e-itabi rya mbere ryihariye kandi rishya mu Ntara ya Guangdong, ariko ryatsindiye uruganda rwa mbere rw’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye mu rwego rw’ikoranabuhanga mu murima wa e-itabi i Beijing maze ruhurira muri gahunda yo gutwika minisiteri y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga.Xiwu yakoze tekinoroji yihariye ya nikotine y kubicuruzwa by uburyohe bwitabi.

Ikoranabuhanga ryahindutse icyerekezo cyibanze kubakora itabi rya elegitoronike guhanga udushya, kuzamura no gukora itandukaniro murwego rukurikira.

Amategeko n'amabwiriza aragabanuka, kandi urwego rwinganda rugomba kongera kubakwa

Hamwe no kwegera umunsi wo gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza mashya, inganda zinjiye mugihe cyinzibacyuho ihuze: e-itabi ryera imbuto nziza ryahagaritswe, isoko riri murwego rwo gukuraho no guta ibicuruzwa, kandi abaguzi binjira muburyo bwo kubika ibicuruzwa. ku muvuduko wibisanduku byinshi.Urunigi rwambere rwinganda rwubatswe nuruganda rwitabi, ikirango nubucuruzi byacitse, kandi hagomba kubakwa impirimbanyi nshya.

Nkumutima wibikorwa, Ubushinwa butanga 90% byibicuruzwa byitabi bya elegitoronike kubanywa itabi kwisi yose buri mwaka.Abakora amavuta y itabi murwego rwo hejuru rwinganda e-itabi barashobora kugurisha impuzandengo ya toni zigera kuri 15 zamavuta y itabi buri kwezi.Bitewe n'umubare munini w'ubucuruzi bwo mu mahanga, inganda z’itabi na peteroli mu Bushinwa zimaze igihe kinini ziga kuva aho amategeko n'amabwiriza agabanuka no kohereza ingufu za gisirikare aho politiki irekuye.

Nubwo haba hari ubucuruzi bwo hanze bufite umubare munini, amabwiriza mashya y-itabi ry’Ubushinwa aracyafite ingaruka zikomeye kuri aba bakora.Igicuruzwa cya buri kwezi cyamavuta y itabi cyaragabanutse cyane kugera kuri toni 5, naho ubucuruzi bwimbere mu gihugu bwaragabanutseho 70%.

Ku bw'amahirwe, uruganda rwa peteroli n'itabi rwabonye isohoka ry'amabwiriza mashya muri Amerika kandi rushobora guhindura imirongo yabyo byihuse kugira ngo itangwa ridahungabana.Igicuruzwa cya cartridge gihindura e-itabi muri Amerika cyazamutse kiva kuri 22.8% kigera kuri 37.1%, kandi benshi mubatanze ibicuruzwa baturutse mubushinwa, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko ibicuruzwa byibanze mubice byo hejuru byinganda bifite ubukana bukomeye kandi bigahinduka vuba, gutanga ingwate ikomeye yo guhindura neza isoko ryUbushinwa nyuma yamabwiriza mashya.

Abakora amavuta yumwotsi bagerageje amazi hakiri kare bazi icyo "itabi" uburyohe e-itabi rigomba kuba nuburyo bwo kubikora.Kurugero, fanhuo Technology Co., Ltd ifite uburyohe bugera kuri 250 bwujuje ibisabwa na FDA, harimo amavuta y itabi ya Yuxi na Huanghelou, aribwo buryohe bwa kera bwitabi ryabashinwa.Nibitanga hafi 1/5 cyibicuruzwa bya e-itabi kwisi.

Uruganda rwitabi na peteroli rwumva amabuye yibindi bihugu hakurya yuruzi rutanga garanti yambere yo kuzamura urwego rwinganda.

Ugereranije n’uruhare runini mu ivugurura ry’umusaruro w’uruganda rw’itabi n’amavuta, ingaruka z’amabwiriza mashya ku kirango zishobora kuvugwa ko ari ihahamuka.

Mbere ya byose, ugereranije n’ibihingwa by’itabi n’amavuta bimaze imyaka isaga 10 kandi bifite inganda zingana cyane, ibicuruzwa byinshi bya e-itabi bikora ku isoko ryubu byashinzwe ahagana mu 2017.

Binjiye ku isoko mugihe cya tuyere kandi baracyakomeza uburyo bwo gutangiza, bashingiye kumuhanda kugirango babone abakiriya nibitekerezo byamasoko yo gutera inkunga.Noneho, leta yerekanye neza imyifatire yo gukuraho imigezi.Ntabwo bishoboka ko igishoro kizatanga isoko nkuko byari bimeze kera.Kubuza kwamamaza nyuma yo gukuraho nabyo bizabangamira kugura abakiriya.

Icya kabiri, amabwiriza mashya atesha agaciro burundu uburyo bwububiko.“Ingamba zo gucunga e-itabi” zivuga ko ibigo cyangwa abantu ku iherezo ry’ibicuruzwa bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bishobore gucuruza e-itabi.Kugeza ubu, gufungura kumurongo wa e-itabi kumurongo ntabwo ari kwaguka bisanzwe mubikorwa byo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa, ahubwo ni ubuzima bugoye kugenzurwa na politiki.

Leta yerekana neza imyifatire yo gukuraho urujya n'uruza, ntabwo ari inkuru nziza kubirango bya e-gasegereti byakiriye inkunga zitandukanye mumyaka yashize.Igihombo cyamafaranga ashyushye hamwe nurujya n'uruza rwa interineti ni intambwe igana kure yintego ndende yigihe kirekire y "isoko rinini, imishinga minini nikirango kinini".Kugabanuka kugurisha guterwa no kugabanya uburyohe nabyo bizatuma ibikorwa byabo byigihe gito bigorana.

Ku bicuruzwa bito bya e-itabi, kugaragara kw'amabwiriza mashya ni amahirwe kandi ni ikibazo.Imiyoboro yo kugurisha e-itabi ntabwo yemerewe gushiraho ububiko bwibicuruzwa, gusa amaduka yo gukusanya arashobora gufungurwa, kandi birabujijwe gukora byihariye, kuburyo ibicuruzwa bito bitashoboye gufungura amaduka yabyo ya interineti mbere yo kugira amahirwe yo gutura kumurongo.

Ariko, gukaza umurego bisobanura kandi gukaza umurego ibibazo.Ibirango bito birashobora guhagarika amafaranga yabyo hanyuma bigahomba burundu muriki cyiciro cyingaruka, kandi umugabane wisoko urashobora gukomeza kwibanda kumutwe.

Politiki ubanza, ubuzima bukomeye cyangwa ahantu heza h'itabi rya elegitoroniki

Kugirango dusubire mumabwiriza mashya, dukeneye kumenya icyerekezo cyubugenzuzi no gusobanura intego yubugenzuzi.

Kubuza uburyohe mu ngamba zo gucunga itabi rya elegitoroniki ni ukugabanya gukurura itabi rishya ku rubyiruko ndetse n’akaga ka aerosole itazwi ku mubiri w'umuntu.Kugenzura gukomeye ntibisobanura ko isoko rigabanuka.Ibinyuranye na byo, e-itabi rishobora kugabanywa gusa na politiki iyo ishobora guteza imbere ubuzima.

Amabwiriza mashya yerekana ko ubugenzuzi bw’inganda zikoresha itabi ry’Ubushinwa bwongeye gukaza umurego, kandi inganda zateye imbere zigana ku bipimo ngenderwaho.Igishushanyo cyo murwego rwohejuru hamwe namategeko yo murwego rwo hasi aragaragarizanya, kandi dufatanyirize hamwe inzira yiterambere ryiterambere rya e-itabi ryagize ububabare bwigihe gito niterambere rirambye.Nko mu mwaka wa 2016, abashoramari benshi b’amavuta y’itabi muri Shenzhen batangije kandi bagira uruhare mu ishyirwaho ry’ibanze rya tekinike rusange y’Ubushinwa ku bicuruzwa bikomoka ku miti y’umwotsi w’ikoranabuhanga, hashyirwaho ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso by’ibikoresho by’amavuta y’itabi.Ubu ni ubwenge nubushake byumushinga, byerekana inzira byanze bikunze iterambere ryiterambere rya e-itabi.

Nyuma y’amabwiriza mashya, imikoranire nkiyi izarushaho kunozwa hagati ya politiki n’inganda: ibigo bitanga ibitekerezo ku gishushanyo mbonera, kandi amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije byiza.

Muri icyo gihe, inganda zimaze igihe kinini zikuraho umubano mwiza byanze bikunze hagati ya e-itabi nubuzima rusange.

Mu 2021, Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’inganda zikoresha e-itabi ryashimangiye ko ibicuruzwa by’ubuzima bwa physiotherapie by’ubuzima bifata atomisiyumu y’icyatsi bishobora kuba urugero rushya kuri e-itabi.Guhuza e-itabi nubuzima bukomeye byahindutse icyerekezo cyiterambere.Niba abakora inganda bashaka kongera ubucuruzi bwabo, bagomba kugendana niyi nzira nyamukuru yiterambere rirambye.

Mu myaka yashize, ibirango bya e-itabi byashyize ahagaragara ibicuruzwa bya atomisiyasi bitarimo nikotine.Imiterere yibiti bya atomizing ibyatsi bisa nubwa itabi rya elegitoroniki.Ibikoresho fatizo biri mu gikarito y’itabi bifashisha imiti y’ibimera yo mu Bushinwa, byibanda cyane ku gitekerezo cy '“ubuvuzi gakondo bw’Abashinwa”.

Kurugero, laimi, ikirango cyitabi rya elegitoronike munsi yitsinda rya wuyeshen, ryashyize ahagaragara ibicuruzwa biva mu bimera hamwe nibikoresho fatizo nka pangdahai, bivugwa ko bifite ingaruka zo kuvomera umuhogo.Yueke kandi yashyize ahagaragara ibicuruzwa byitwa "ikibaya cy’ibimera", avuga ko ikoresha ibikoresho fatizo by’ibimera kandi bitarimo nikotine.

Amabwiriza ntashobora kugerwaho muntambwe imwe, kandi ntabwo ubucuruzi bwose bushobora kubahiriza amategeko n'amabwiriza.Nyamara, amahame menshi yinganda zinganda, arushijeho guhuza icyerekezo cyiza cyiterambere, ntabwo ari ibisubizo byubahirizwa rya politiki gusa, ahubwo ni n'inzira byanze bikunze iterambere ryiterambere ryumwuga kandi ritunganijwe neza.

Kubuza “itabi ryimbuto” e-itabi nisonga rya ice ice kugirango amategeko yemerwe kandi yemerwe ninganda.

Ku masosiyete afite ikoranabuhanga n’imbaraga nyazo, amabwiriza mashya ya e-itabi yafunguye inyanja nshya ku nganda zishoboka, bituma inganda ziyobora zitera imbere mu cyerekezo cyo kuzamura imbaraga za tekinike n’imiterere y’ibicuruzwa.